Optimization of ecosystems services for sustainable coffee production under changing climate

Legume cover crops have previously been evaluated for green manure, weed control and soil moisture conservation, this study includes further evaluation of biomass the legume fodder. Our research was to compare nutrients concentration at different times in treatment plots coffee plantation after establishment a desmodium crop with quantification resulting as fodder livestock. This case conducted University Nairobi evaluating methods using hand weeding, glyphosate (1.0 kg ha-¹ acid equivalent) based herbicide spp compared weeding costs implications farmers’ incomes production. Using completely Randomized Block Design 3 treatments replicated were analyzed annual labour costs, nutrients, Statistical analysis content among treatments. Results indicated that intercropped had higher retention 36 % on average being than other fresh production extrapolated 17,000 kgs per hectare year. Desmodium planted able establish providing groundcover (90%) 18 weeks planting inhibiting growth thus reducing need well conserve moisture. There significant savings cost manual additional earnings or 750 $ US from sales utilization hectare. The concludes can enhance resilience changing climate utilizing same size land while enhancing output increasing revenue. Policymakers realign extension services introduce reduce high doses synthetic fertilizers which emit